b'YOUR GUIDE TO THE 2017 AAEP CONVENTION SPONSORED BYPMIE mares had rates of about 30%, andproblem pregnancies, said Turner, andMare and Stallion Factors Affecting treated mares had rates over 60%.shows that serial hormone monitoringPregnancy RatesTurner suggested vets consider addingcan help vets track treatment efficacy.Another research group studied the ef-PRP intrauterine infusions to their list ofShe cautioned against relying heav- fects of various mare and stallion factors potential PMIE treatments. ily on hormonal values because of lowon per-cycle pregnancy rate (PCPR) and positive predictive values; vets will end uppregnancy loss in a large population of Cipro for Gram-Negative Endometritis? overdiagnosing problems that dont exist.Thoroughbreds. In stallions they found:Antibiotic resistance, particularly ofAlso, hormonal changes tend to occur lateNo difference in PCPR whether the Gram-negative organisms (a certainin a problems progression, so these testsmare was the first one bred by a stal-bacterial class), has increased. One familymay not be best for early detection. How- lion on a given day or the fourth;of antimicrobials, fluoroquinolones, hasever, they are likely to be good for moni- No difference in PCPR whether the stal-excellent Gram-negative activity, so ittoring the status of problem pregnancies,lion shuttled between hemispheres; and would be really nice if we could have aparticularly following treatment, she said. High-usage stallions that bred more fluoroquinolone in our toolbox to treatthan 21 times in a seven-day period had Gram-negative endometritis, said Turner. Estradiol to Help Treat Placentitis a 10% decrease in PCPR.She said the currently available fluoro- Next, researchers evaluated the efficacyIn mares they found:quinolone for horses, enrofloxacin (Bay- of various combinations of estradiol cypi-A significant decrease in PCPR with tril), is not safe for intrauterine use. Butonate (a long-acting estrogen) and a long- advancing agegeriatric mares (18 ciprofloxacin, a metabolite of enrofloxa- acting form of altrenogest (the progestinand older) were 2.9 times less likely to cin, has an identical spectrum of activity,Regu-Mate) to treat ascending bacterialconceive than mares 8 and under;as well as anti-inflammatory properties. placentitis (placental inflammation).An increase in pregnancy loss rate with Researchers evaluated ciprofloxacin asadvancing agegeriatric mares were a Gram-negative bacterial endometritis2.6 times more likely to abort;treatment. They infused each infectedSo ciprofloxacinBarren mares were 1.8 times more mares uterus with 60 mL of an intrave- right out of the bottlelikely to abort than maiden mares;nous ciprofloxacin used in humans. Theymight be an option for A significant decrease in PCPR in saw high concentrations of ciprofloxacinmares bred on foal heat; andin the uterine lumen and endometrialthe treatment of infec-No other effect on PCPR, including be-tissue 24 hours later, well above the levelstious (bacterial) endo- ing treated for a uterine problem.needed to kill the four common types ofThese study results show mare age has endometritis-causing bacteria. They notedmetritis in mares. the greatest effect on fertility, said Turn-little to no inflammation or adverse effects. DR. REGINA TURNER er. We kind of already knew this, but this So ciprofloxacin right out of the bottleadds more to your armamentarium when might be an option for the treatmentThey studied a group of healthy preg- trying to explain to an owner who wants of infectious (bacterial) endometritis innant mares and five groups of pregnantto breed their 21-year-old mare why it mares, said Turner, adding that its a bigmares with induced bacterial placentitis.could be very difficult.gun and should be reserved for resistantGroup 1 received a traditional treatmentAs for breeding on foal heat, the de-organisms only, reminding vets that theof the antimicrobial trimethoprim-crease in pregnancy rate in mares bred on team used extra-label human products. sulfamethoxazole (TMS) and the anti- foal heat (~10%) did not justify a flat-out inflammatory flunixin meglumine (FM).decision across the board to not breed on New Help IDing Problem PregnanciesGroup 2 got TMS, FM, and altrenogest;foal heat, she said. If a mare is normal Researchers evaluated the use of mater- Group 3 got TMS, FM, altrenogest, andits still reasonable to proceed with foal nal blood plasma progestin and estrogenestradiol cypionate; Group 4 got TMS,heat breeding, knowing there is a some-concentrations to identify problem preg- FM, and estradiol cypionate withoutwhat reduced chance of pregnancy. hnancies. These hormones increase sig- altrenogest; and Group 5 was untreated.nificantly mid- to late gestation in maresThe untreated group had a significant during healthy pregnancies. The research- increase in dystocias (difficult births), ers took blood samples from nearly 500preterm deliveries, and foal loss. All treat- epregnant mares monthly, tested hormonement groups benefited from their treat- Visit TheHorse.com/AAEP2017levels, and determined whether the maresments, and foal survival rates were s imilar showed signs of problems, deliveredto those of control mares. The group T op Medicine Studies of 2017, healthy foals, or experienced foal loss. treated with TMS, FM, and estradiol wasTheHorse.com/40206Based on their findings, they created athe only one with no compromised foalsTop Surgery Studies of 2017, chart with recommended normal valuesand similar foal birth weights as controls. TheHorse.com/40144for progestins and estrogens in 20-dayThis suggests that the addition of es-increments during late gestation. It givestradiol may benefit mares with placenti- Top Reproduction Studies of 2017, us a potential diagnostic assay to identifytis, said Turner.TheHorse.com/40136A16 TheHorse.com/AAEP2017 AAEP Wrap-Up THE HORSEMarch 2018'