The Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry is encouraging horse owners to take precautions and vaccinate their animals to protect against the West Nile virus (WNV) and Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE).

In the recent past, there have been more than 40 cases per year in Oklahoma where horses have been positively diagnosed as infected with mosquito-carried diseases. The bird population serves as the reservoir for the viruses, which are then spread by mosquitoes to horses and humans.

The mosquitoes most likely to transmit WNV and EEE lay eggs in small pools of standing water. Adult mosquitoes can hatch in 10 days during the warmest months of the summer. Mosquitoes can become infected with both WNV and EEE after feeding on an infected host; such as birds carrying the virus. Within 10 to 14 days, the mosquito can transmit the virus to both humans and horses.

“Signs of West Nile virus include weakness, fever, incoordination, seizures, blindness, and difficulty getting up,” said Assistant State Veterinarian Michael Herrin, DVM “There are several vaccines available, and we are encouraging horse owners to visit with their veterinarians and determine the vaccination protocol that will best fit their operations