Officials at Clemson Livestock Poultry Health (CLPH) have confirmed an unvaccinated 13-year-old Paint gelding in Lexington County with West Nile virus (WNV) after a positive test was returned for the horse from the National Veterinary Services Laboratory. The horse is reported as recovering.

This marks South Carolina’s fifth case of WNV in Lexington County in 2021.

About West Nile Virus

WNV transmission occurs when infected mosquitoes feed on animals, as well as humans, after having fed on infected birds.

Clinical signs of WNV in horses include:

• Mild anorexia and depression
• Fine and coarse muscle and skin fasciculation;
• Hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to touch and sound);
• Changes in mentation (mentality), when horses look like they’re daydreaming or “just not with it”;
• Occasional drowsiness;
• Propulsive walking (driving or pushing forward, often without control);
• Spinal signs, including asymmetrical weakness; and
• Asymmetrical or symmetrical ataxia.

West Nile virus has no cure; however, some horses can recover with supportive care. Equine mortality rates can reach 30-40%. The American Association of Equine Practitioners includes WNV as one of the core diseases all horses should be vaccinated against at least annually.