
Raise your hand if you’ve heard the following statement before (or, as all of us here at The Horse have, more times that we can remember): Forage should be the basis of all horses’ diets.
Feeding hay, one of the most common forms of forage horses consume, is all well and good for most younger to middle-aged horses, but it can be slightly trickier when it comes to our senior citizens. As I’m sure many of you have experienced, older horses often develop dental issues or lose teeth, making it difficult for them to successfully chew and swallow the forage that contains the fiber that’s so important to both their digestive health and weight maintenance ability. And, especially going into winter, that latter factor is important.
And damaged dentition isn’t the only reason you might need to seek out another fiber option for your aging horse: Some older equids just get pickier with time.
Take 21-year-old Dorado, for instance. He’s always been a bit fussy. The last few years, however, it’s just gotten a bit obnoxious. This spring and summer, he’s been refusing to eat his hay unless the timothy is in his slow-feed haynet (not the hay rack!) and the alfalfa (which he really would rather not eat at all, but the long-stem hay is more acceptable than the pellets or cubes … those are 100% inedible *insert eye-roll emoji here*) is in a bucket on the other side of the stall. And all the left-over “scraps” (more like about a third of the hay, regardless of how much he starts with …) he’s deemed inedible from the previous feeding (whether they’re still in the net or have somehow ended up on the ground) have been removed from said haynet before its refilled. And the haynet must be hung in one particular corner of his stall. And the gaping hole he’s made in said haynet is positioned to the front for easy access.
Fortunately, there are alternatives to hay for those seniors that either can’t or won’t consume the flaked forage. One that was effective for getting more fiber into Dorado for many years was beet pulp. It was very effective in getting fiber into him and helping keep his weight up. Beet pulp comes with or without added molasses, soaks into a nice soft texture that’s easy for toothless horses to consume, and has a high digestibility level.

Another alternative to traditional hay is hay pellets, which can be soaked into a gruel or soup for horses with dental issues. Although my one experience feeding hay pellets–both soaked and unsoaked–was an epic failure (the mare would not touch either preparation to save her life!) I’ve heard great things from several friends and acquaintances about adding hay pellets to their older horses’ diets with great success.
Like pellets, hay cubes are another alternative to consider, and these can also be soaked to accommodate a horse with dental issues. I’ve had mixed reactions to feeding hay cubes–some horses love ’em, some won’t touch ’em. But, they’re certainly worth a try if you’re managing an older horse with dental disease or a picky attitude.
But remember: “If offered voluntarily, most horses will consume more hay cubes in less time than hay, so owners should measure and monitor their horses’ intake,” TheHorse.com author and equine nutritionist Kristen Janicki, MS, PAS, cautions.
Janicki also says that hay cubes and pellets typically contain less dust than hay, meaning horses are less subject to inhaling particles that could contribute to respiratory disease, and this is a good thing for older horses potentially suffering from heaves. Additionally, she says, offering hay cubes or pellets generally results in less wasted feed compared to hay.
And if all else fails, consider a complete feed. These are formulated to provide all of a horse’s nutrient needs, including fiber (generally obtained via forage), and are designed to be fed in larger amounts (compared to a lower fiber grain mix) with little to no hay alongside. (Still, nutritionists often suggest offering small quantities of long-stemmed forage even if you are feeding a complete feed as a sole source of their forage – unless they tend to choke on it, then don’t!) And, complete feeds can be soaked into a soup or gruel if need be. I personally don’t have any experience maintaining a horse on a solely complete-feed-based diet, so I’d love to hear from readers that have!
A few things to remember:
- Go slow when switching feeds! Just because a senior horse might have eaten it all throughout his life doesn’t mean his digestive tract is used to it. Aim to make any and all feed changes over the course of a week or so.
- Don’t be afraid to ask for help. If something’s not working or if you’re unsure what the best plan for your older horse is, especially going into winter, ask your veterinarian or an equine nutritionist for help in developing a feeding plan.
- If it’s not broken, don’t try to fix it. Not all senior horses have dental issues, and not all of them are picky eaters. Some horses will eat flaked/baled/harvested forage until the day they die with no problem whatsoever. So just because the senior horse down the aisle is on a diet rich in fiber alternatives doesn’t mean you need to transition your horse off hay if he’s not showing any signs of trouble.
How do you get fiber in your older horses? Do you have any tips for other owners who might be having trouble with their senior horses’ forage consumption? Please share your experiences below!
My 33 year old Arab gelding has only a few teeth left and cannot chew hay so he gets a low-carb complete senior feed(he had a metabolic issue) with beet pulp for added fiber as well as supplements for digestive health/PPID/senior vitamins. He also gets Equioxx and Legend once a month….it is expensive to keep him looking good and acting frisky but so worth it. He also gets a little alfalfa at night. He loves it…can’t eat the stems but eats the leaves and keeps him busy
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
Older horses do well if you put a treat in their stall that they have to work hard to get. It keeps them intertwined while also giving them a treat
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
Older horses do well if you put a treat in their stall that they have to work hard to get. It keeps them intertwined while also giving them a treat
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
Help with this one! Old grade gelding – maybe an arab cross but was auction horse so not sure of age and vet guesses over 25 years. He was seriously losing weight and lethargic by end of summer. Had vet out to do dental work but vet f
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re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I had to start playing around with Romeo’s feed when he hit his early 30s. In his 20s he would get fat on any hay with ease and wasn’t particularly finicky. Now that he is in his early 30s he won’t eat coastal hay, only good quality alfalfa
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
It’s good to read that hay cubes are a viable option for senior horses. My horse is unfortunately aging, and we’re looking into hay alternatives. He seems to love alfalfa cubes in particular. I’ll be keeping this article in mind as we proceed with tran
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I care for 13 seniors, the oldest being 35. 5 horses need supplemental feed year round in addition to full-time forage/hay to thrive and 2 need extra feed only in winter. These horses are on a variety of feeding plans to suit their needs and the
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I have a rescue horse with no top teeth front or back, he does great on Nutrena Safe Choice Equine Senior Feed. He lives in a 4 acre pasture, and "grazes" as a natural behavior, but he just makes little wads and spits them out. I
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
Good article. Confirms what I’ve been doing for my horses. My 33 year old gelding gets equine senior grain with beet pulp (2x day) then alfalfa/timothy cubes soaked in water (2x day). He’s doing very well on this regimen. Starte
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
Whiskey Jack (19, retired pacer) does well ob a complete feed, and no hay. He has free roam of an acre that is mostly dry grass, and some other browsing foliage, except for natural grasses in spring. He wont touch it as a gruel, or with veg
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
My almost 33 yr old gelding has lost all his molars over the past few years. At each visit by the equine dentist (semi-annual) and the vet (annual), I asked if we needed to change anything about his feed yet. However, I knew the time had co
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I have an almost 32 year old thoroughbred who is retired and has smooth bottom teeth. He eats mush that consists of 1/3 Masterfeeds Golden Years, 1/3 alfalfa-timothy hay cubes and 1/3 beet pulp pellets. He also gets 6 ounces of ground flax
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I had 3 geriatrics – 35 and 2, 28 yr olds. I am down to 1 now as I have sadly had to euthanize the 35 yr old and one of the 28 yr olds over the past year and a half. I had them all on a mix of timothy/alfalfa hay cubes and pellets. Th
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
My 24 yo qh gelding was nearly toothless, so we fed him a gruel of 3 lbs beet pulp , soaked, 3 lbs sr feed and 3 lbs ground grass hay. Twice per day, for a total of 18 lbs of feed daily. Lots and lots of management to do this, but he kept weight on thi
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I have a 29 year old quarterhorse mare with very little dentition. Last spring she was loosing weight and was getting very picky about what she would eat. Due to having very little tooth surface, she was quidding her hay. I tried ever
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
My almost 30 yr old Morgan mare has all her teeth but they have flat surfaces. I feed her Safe Starch and Lucerne Farms High Fiber Gold which are both chopped grass hay. In addition, she get one block of Hydration hay in which her meds are hidden. Also
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
My 25 yo QH ‘s upper molers are down to the gum. He has been on complete feed for a year and a half. He does well, however, have had to move him 2x due to barn owners deciding on their own to feed him their own grain mix even though I was buying the co
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
My 20 year old thoroughbred has been a cribber all her life. Right now she doesn’t have any issues with hay but, boy, are her teeth short! When I got her 10 years ago I was told three things by her previous owner- don’t cross tie her (and after p
re: Senior Can’t (or Won’t) Eat Hay? No Problem
I have 2 Arabian mares in their 20s that are not able/willing to consume as much hay as my other horses in winter. To keep them from dropping weight, I switch them from Purina Strategy to Purina Equine Senior in late fall. I still feed them