Hay is for Horses

Hay is one of horses' primary sources of forage—the most important part of the equine diet. An average-sized horse eats approximately 4 tons (8,000 pounds) of hay per year. | Photo: Thinkstock

Healthy Hayfields

Hayfields comprise nutritious grasses and/or legumes (such as alfalfa), and the specific types grown and harvested vary by region and market demand. Hay is a perennial crop, which means it doesn’t require replanting each year. Healthy horse hayfields ideally contain few to no weeds and are sometimes certified as “weed free.” Fertilizer is also used on growing grass and legume fields in conventional hay production. | Photo: Thinkstock

Irrigation

Some areas of the country, especially those with arid climates, require additional irrigation to water hayfields. The cost of irrigation equipment and electricity to run pumps adds to the overall cost of hay production. | Photo: Thinkstock

Grass Ready to Cut

Hay is usually ready to cut, and most nutritious, when the grass (pictured) or legume is starting to form seed heads. For the hay farmer, properly timing the cut is everything when it comes to quality. | Photo: Thinkstock

Mowing Hay

After hay is cut or mowed, it is cured (dried) and raked into windrows. Or, a swather (also known as a “windrower”) is used to both cut and place hay in windrows to cure. Many fields produce two, three, or sometimes even more cuttings per year, depending on their health and the weather. | Photo: Thinkstock

Raking Hay

Hay is often raked into windrows to dry after cutting. Hay that is cured for too long can over dry, bleach, and lose nutrition. | Photo: Courtesy Dr. Krishona Martinson/University of Minnesota

Windrows

This is an example of hay curing in windrows. Once hay is cut, farmers are in a race against Mother Nature: If hay is rained on as it’s curing, it must be turned and dried again, adding time to the hay making process. This also reduces the hay’s nutritional value and can make it unsuitable for horses. | Photo: Thinkstock

Baling

Hay is compacted into bales and bound with twine by a baler. Think of it as a big hay vacuum that sweeps up loose hay and spits out bales. Different types of balers produce various bale shapes and sizes. | Photo: Courtesy Dr. Krishona Martinson/University of Minnesota

Square Bales

Square bales range from small (around 65 pounds) to large (800 pounds or more). The bales pictured are large. | Photo: Thinkstock

Round Bales

Hay can also be made into large round bales. However, managing and moving large bales requires tractor equipment. Also take care when feeding large bales: They are more likely to contain dead animals, which can potentially contaminate hay with deadly botulism spores. | Photo: Thinkstock

Collecting Hay from Field

Hay making is a labor-intensive process. Often small square hay bales are picked up from the field and stacked by hand. Sometimes horse owners can save money on hay by picking it up in the field before the farmer has moved it to storage. | Photo: Shawn Hamilton/Clix Photography

Storing Hay

Once hay is baled, it’s taken from the field and stored in a dry place for sale or use throughout the year. | Photo: Thinkstock

How Hay is Made for Horses

This is an example of hay curing in windrows. Once hay is cut, farmers are in a race against Mother Nature: If hay is rained on as it’s curing, it must be turned and dried again, adding time to the hay making process. This also reduces the hay’s nutritional value and can make it unsuitable for horses.